Convertible Debenture

A convertible debenture is a type of debt security that can be converted into common stock at a specified price, known as the conversion ratio. It is a hybrid security that has characteristics of both debt and equity securities.

Key Features of Convertible Debentures:

• Debt: Convertible debentures are technically debt securities, so they are not eligible for dividends as common stock. However, they do accrue interest at a specified rate.
• Equity: If the debenture holder exercises the conversion option, it can be converted into common stock. The number of common shares received is based on the conversion ratio.
• Conversion Ratio: A fixed ratio that determines the number of common shares that can be received for each debenture.
• Conversion Privilege: Converts into common stock at a specified price.
• Maturity Date: A specific date on which the debenture matures and the holder has the option to convert it into common stock.
• Interest Rate: Pays interest at a specified rate.

Advantages for Investors:

• Potential for High Returns: If the convertible debenture is converted into common stock, investors can potentially receive a higher return on their investment than the interest rate paid on the debenture.
• Participation in Company Growth: Convertible debentures can give investors the opportunity to participate in the growth of a company, as they can be converted into common stock.

Disadvantages for Investors:

• Risk of Dilution: If the company issues additional common stock, it can dilute the value of existing common stock, including the convertible debentures.
• Lack of Dividends: Convertible debentures do not entitle holders to dividends as common stock.
• Limited Liquidity: Convertible debentures may have lower liquidity than common stock, making it difficult to sell them.

Advantages for Companies:

• Access to Capital: Convertible debentures can provide companies with access to additional capital without issuing new common stock.
• Lower Interest Costs: Convertible debentures can cost less to issue than traditional debt securities.

Disadvantages for Companies:

• Potential Dilution: If the debentures are converted into common stock, it can dilute the company’s ownership and control.
• Higher Interest Expense: If the debentures are not converted, the company will have to pay interest on them.