Net interest income (NII) is a measure of financial performance used primarily by banks and other financial institutions. It is the difference between the revenue generated from interest-bearing assets and the cost of borrowing money, calculated as a percentage of the average outstanding balance.

Here is the formula for calculating net interest income:

Net Interest Income (NII) = Interest Income – Interest Expense

Interest Income: This is the total amount of interest earned on loans and other assets. It includes interest on loans, interest on securities, and other sources of income that are derived from interest.

Interest Expense: This is the total cost of borrowing money, including interest on deposits, interest on borrowings, and other costs incurred in connection with borrowing money.

Net interest income is a key metric used by investors and analysts to assess the overall profitability of a bank or other financial institution. It provides an indication of how effectively the institution is managing its loan portfolio and generating interest income.

Here are some additional details about net interest income:

• Interest Income: Interest income can be calculated using various formulas based on the specific type of asset and interest rate. For example, simple interest is calculated using the formula: I = P x R x T, where I is interest, P is principal, R is the interest rate, and T is the time period. Compound interest is calculated using a different formula that takes into account interest accrued in previous periods.
• Interest Expense: Interest expense can also be calculated using various formulas based on the specific type of liability and interest rate. For example, interest expense on loans is calculated using the formula: I = A x R x T, where I is interest, A is the principal amount, R is the interest rate, and T is the time period. The formula for calculating interest expense on deposits is different.
• Components of Net Interest Income: In addition to interest income and interest expense, net interest income can also include other items, such as fees and charges related to loans or deposits, and income from other sources.
• Subsidized Loans: If the government provides subsidies to certain types of loans, such as low-interest loans for low-income borrowers, these subsidies should be included in the calculation of net interest income.

Overall, net interest income is a key measure of financial performance for banks and other financial institutions. It provides a more comprehensive view of an institution’s ability to generate interest income and manage its borrowing costs.